Limits of science-based approaches in global health: Sociocultural and moral lessons from Ebola and COVID-19

This chapter explores the significance of sociocultural and ethical limitations of non-science-based approaches toward effectively containing, managing, and ending global health emergencies. It refers to the 2013-2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa and the current COVID-19 global pandemic to underscore the limits of science-based approaches in tackling infectious disease outbreaks. Against this background, it points to the significance of measures rooted in the humanities that have been (or are being) used to demonstrate the values of social, cultural, and ethical approaches in addressing global health emergencies. This chapter shows that while science-based approaches are essential, they are not sufficient toward addressing the varied challenges of global health emergencies. The experiences of Ebola epidemics in Africa and the COVID-19 global pandemic have shown that science-based approaches need to be buttressed by sociocultural and ethical measures to be successful. It has become self-evident that global health emergencies can be addressed sooner if non-science-based approaches are incorporated into the core responses. The successful approaches toward addressing global health emergencies will be ones that adequately harmonized science-based approaches with sociocultural and ethical measures. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.

Tit for tat? EU risk-sharing and experienced reciprocity

As with previous crises, EU-wide risk-sharing has also been demanded during the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, this crisis did not unfold in a political vacuum. Instead, public backing for EU-wide risk-sharing might have been informed by past crises experiences. Building on the idea of experienced reciprocal risk-sharing, we assume that the willingness to share risks is greater when a crisis-ridden country has also shown solidarity before, whereas readiness to cooperate may be mitigated by non-solidarity-oriented behaviour in the past. We test this assumption based on a survey experiment carried out in eleven EU countries in 2020. Our findings suggest that, when people are given information about whether another country has acted in solidarity in the past, this influences their willingness to support risk-sharing in the present. However, we also find evidence that respondents' preferences outside the experimental setting do not always match their country's recent history of reciprocal risk-sharing.

Borders, boundaries, and identities: Navigating the barriers to solidarity and cohesion in a pandemic

The breakout of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the global spread of COVID-19, a viral infection that has become a pandemic. Millions have been infected, with hundreds of thousands losing their lives even as the tolls are projected to climb higher over the next several months and years. The pandemic, whose effects are primarily medical and biological, has however impacted global politics, economics, and social structures in very significant ways that generate new realities on the one hand while accentuating and making more visible, other realities that have existed hitherto, on the other hand. This chapter explores the intersection of identity politics and the pandemic, globally and locally. It shows how racism, nationalism, and inequalities have shaped the response to the pandemic in spite of some coordinated efforts at the global level to manage the pandemic. The chapter argues further that local responses have equally been constrained by group-based perceptions and attitudes cutting across religious, cultural, and class divides. These factors have combined to create uneven responses that make holistic recovery more difficult to achieve. While being mindful of the local peculiarities that the social and political dimensions of managing the pandemic require, the chapter makes a case for the need for solidarity within and across nations not only for the management of the pandemic but also toward a fair post-pandemic order. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.

Global movement for Black lives: A conversation between Awino Okech and Shereen Essof

This conversation reflects on the importance of transnational Black solidarity in a global moment where the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed structural inequalities that sustain Black death and the global movement for Black lives has focussed attention on anti-Blackness. We reflect on the legacies of past and contemporary Black, Indigenous, People of Colour activism and the role that this has played in strengthening transnational efforts to deal with colonialism, imperialism and patriarchy. In highlighting how anti-Blackness is sustained across different institutions - from the academy to social movements, we centre Black feminist movements' role in building radical visions of equitable and transformative worlds through a focus on the nexus between patriarchy, capitalism and white supremacy. Black feminist visions we argue are geared at disrupting and transforming current power structures to advance justice and create liberatory futures. A central part of these liberatory futures lies in building collective power that is rooted in the political values of solidarity, hope and joy. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of European Journal of Women's Studies is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Manifestations of Support to Others in the Course of the Pandemic Crisis in Panama

The Covid-19 quarantine, its effects and impact, not only escalated into a slowed down global economic growth but also the modification of people's values and its manifestations. The purpose of this article is to reveal the manifestations of help and support to others, whether prosocial behaviors or simple solidarity, that developed from the crisis situation brought by the pandemic in the Republic of Panama. This article delivers quantifiable descriptions on the association of demographic data and prosocial actions performed by a sample of 502 survey participants during the time of the pandemic. Results suggest that social interaction in the form of emotional accompaniment and food provision were the most commonly performed prosocial actions during this period in general. According to sex, women were more inclined to offer advice and provide mentorship, while men were more inclined to offer making repairs. There is a statistically significant association between actions and levels of education where those with university degrees are mostly represented when it comes to giving money and paying off bills.

Introduction

This chapter provides an introduction to the papers in this volume that discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social and economic development in India and explore a path forward. While summarising some of the main insights in each paper, the chapter proposes that the disruption caused by the pandemic provides an opportunity to reframe the theoretical frameworks in the field of development to bring them into greater alignment with the principles of justice, inter-group unity and solidarity and environmental sustainability. The present narrow focus on economic growth as the goal of development will need to be replaced by a broader focus on human well-being which includes the spiritual, material and social dimensions of life. Progress towards this vision will require active collaboration between the State, civil society, the private sector and individuals as protagonists of development. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.

Agency of English-Speaking Migrant Women during the Pandemic in Israel

This study is embedded within a distinct pro-migration incentivized 'Law of Return' migration policy in Israel, as it considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migrant women, their agency, and proculturation. It features stories of migrant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, exploring their agency within the Individual-Socio-Ecological frame of reference of I-positions in the dialogical self theory. This qualitative study on English-speaking women in Israel (N = 39) is empirically grounded in lived experiences of meaning making, mothering, family dynamics, work, and access to healthcare under conditions of lockdown. The analysis of participants' stories resulted in identifying six overarching themes relevant to migrant women: familial roles, mental labor, voicing resistance, mindfulness, intergenerational solidarity, and transnationalism. This study provides a construct clarification of agency, introducing three levels of agency: inward, social, and societal. In particular older migrant women may appeared to be losing agency during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel, if the focus was solely on decision making and taking action. However, this study suggests that inward I-positions, in particular as related to mental labor, seemed to flourish during the COVID-19 pandemic, when many participants could engage in a more limited way on social and societal levels. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Constructivist Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The construction of a solidarity network as a strategy to support women's football in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic / A formação de uma rede de solidariedade como estratégia de apoio ao futebol praticado por mulheres em meio a pandemia da covid-19 / La formación de una red de solidaridad como estrategia de apoyo al fútbol femenino durante la pandemia del covid-19

Este artigo objetivou analisar campanhas e ações em prol do futebol de mulheres desencadeadas durante a pandemia da covid-19. As análises apresentadas são fruto de um recorte de pesquisa que tomou os sites de notícias como local de produção de dados. Utilizando o buscador do Google, produzimos um levantamento de notícias a partir do termo "futebol feminino" no período entre fevereiro a dezembro de 2020 e realizamos a categorização temática para proceder com as análises. A partir dos conceitos de acontecimento (FOUCAULT, 2014) e bio(necro)política (GALLO, 2021), analisamos a emergência de uma rede de solidariedade como estratégia de apoio ao futebol praticado por mulheres através de campanhas e ações que visaram auxiliar a modalidade a mitigar os efeitos da pandemia da covid-19 (AU).

This article aimed to analyze social enterprises and ac-tions that were triggered by the covid-19 pandemic, and supported women's football during the health crisis. The analyses discussed here are the outcome of a data analysis that considered relevant news websites as a place of data production. Using the Google sear-ch engine, we produced a news survey based on the term "futebol feminino" in the period between February and December 2020 and carried out the thematic categorization to proceed with the analyses. We employed the concepts of event (FOUCAULT, 2014) and bio(necro)politics (GALLO, 2021) to discuss the emergence of these networks, in order to help the sport to mitigate the effects of the covid-19 pandemic (AU).

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar las campañas y acciones de apoyo al fútbol femenino desencadenadas durante la pandemia del covid-19. Los análisis presentados son el resul-tado de un recorte de investigación que tuvo como lugar de pro-ducción de datos los sitios web de noticias. Utilizando el busca-dor de Google, elaboramos una encuesta de noticias en base al término "futebol feminino" en el período comprendido entre fe-brero y diciembre de 2020 y realizamos la categorización temática para proceder con los análisis. A partir de los conceptos de evento (FOUCAULT, 2014) y bio(necro)política (GALLO, 2021) analizamos el surgimiento de una red solidaria como estrategia de apoyo al fútbol practicado por mujeres a través de campañas y acciones que pretendían ayudar a la modalidad a mitigar los efectos de la pandemia del covid-19. La movilización y el compromiso alrededor a estas campañas contribuyeron a mantener el deporte visible y vivo en la escena brasileña en medio de la crisis (AU).

Solidarity During Crises. The Importance of Welfare State Solidarity in Times of Crisis

This paper examines the crisis-specific impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on welfare state solidarity during the first wave of infection and the first lockdown from March to May 2020. We combine a sociological understanding of solidarity in the context of the welfare state with sociological reflections on crisis-specific solidarity and a differentiation-theoretical perspective on institutional change. By means of a structuring content analysis of the Bundestagsplenarprotokolle, an intra-parliamentary solidarity pressure is traced that leads to crisis-specific Vergemeinschaftung. Through the qualitative analysis of the parliamentary debates, we also clarify the temporary limitation of this connection, which made the resumption of party-political solidarity conflicts possible in the first place after the successful reconstitution of a common normative basis of the members of parliament. On a further level, we elaborate the stabilizing function of welfare state solidarity as an normative guiding idea (Leitidee), which also exerts its effect in conflictual negotiations of social policy measures.

Intergroup Contact, Traditional and Social Media Use, and Attitudes Toward Chinese People in COVID-19: US College Students' Perspective

Guided by cultivation theory and intergroup contact theory, we examined how U.S. college students' traditional media use and social media use for information about COVID-19, and direct contact with Chinese were associated with their behavioral attitudes toward Chinese people in this survey study. Findings indicated that contact quality was positively associated with attitudes toward Chinese people. Moderation analyses indicated that traditional media use negatively predicted behavioral attitudes toward Chinese people for those with no Chinese friends and was a nonsignificant predictor for those with one or more Chinese friends. Furthermore, results indicated that social media use was positively associated with attitudes toward Chinese people for those who had high contact quality with Chinese but was a nonsignificant predictor for those who had low contact quality. Overall findings ruminate the critical role of intergroup contact quality and friendship in reducing intergroup prejudice in COVID-19.

How do governmental wage subsidies enhance SME resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic?

PurposeCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a tremendous negative effect on the economies around the world by infusing uncertainty into supply chains. In this paper, the authors address two important research questions (RQs): (1) did COVID-19 wage subsidies impact small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to become more flexible towards the SMEs' business customers and (2) can such flexibility be a source for greater resilience to the crisis? As a result, the authors investigate the relationship between governmental wage subsidies and SMEs' flexibility norms towards the SMEs' business customers (study 1). The authors further uncover when and how flexibility towards existing customers contributes to SME resilience (study 2).Design/methodology/approachThe authors frame the inquiry under the resource dependence theory (RDT) and behavioural additionality principle. The authors use survey methodology and test the assumptions in study 1 (n = 225) and study 2 (n = 95) on a sample of SMEs from various business-to-business (B2B) industries in Croatia.FindingsOverall, in study 1, the authors find that SMEs that receive governmental wage subsidies have greater flexibility norms. However, this relationship is significantly conditioned by SMEs' competitive profile. SMEs that strongly rely on innovation are more willing to behave flexibly when receiving subsidies, whereas SMEs driven by branding do not. Study 2 sheds light on when flexibility towards existing customers increases SME resilience. Findings show that flexibility norms are negatively related to resilience, but this relationship is becoming less negative amongst SMEs with lower financial dependence on the largest customer.Originality/valueThis study extends RDT in the area of firm-government relationships by showing that wage subsidies became a source of power for the Government and a source of dependency for SMEs. In such cases, the SMEs receiving those subsidies align with the governmental agenda and exhibit higher flexibility towards the SMEs' customers. Drawing arguments from behavioural additionality, the authors show that this effect varies due to SMEs' attention and organisational priorities resulting from different competitive profiles. Ultimately, the authors showcase that higher flexibility norms can contribute to resilience if the SME restructures its dependency by having a less-concentrated customer base.

The war effect: a macro view of the economic and environmental situation of Ukraine

Today, Ukraine find itself in a very difficult situation, on the one hand, the already unstable economy has just begun to recover after the coronavirus crisis;on the other hand, it is suffering colossal losses from Russian aggression. The article examines the current economic and ecological state of Ukraine, considering the influence of such drastic external factors as a military invasion with the aim of determining the prerequisites for the formation of an effective social and environmental policy and developing approaches to the improvement and stabilization of the national economy. To achieve the goals of the article, have been used intersectoral balance and in particular economic impact analysis (EIA), which was conducted on the example of the Ukrainian agricultural sector, because it is one of the three driving forces of its economy. The results of the study showed the scenarios of possible changes and their consequences for the economy of the state as a whole, and in the future can be used for study in order to develop new and improve existing methods of solving socio-economic problems at the national level and preserving natural capital, as one of the key elements on path to sustainable development.

Social Distancing and Politeness: Hungarian Emailing Practices During the Coronavirus Epidemic

With its outbreak and quick spread in early 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic brought rapid and sweeping changes in its wake in all walks of life. As measures were being imposed to contain the spread of the virus, emailing practices, including patterns of polite behaviour, were re-evaluated. Based on a corpus of emails comprising more than 250 texts, collected by various methods and showcasing personal, official and business correspondence alike, our paper presents linguistic features of emailing practices characterizing the first two and a half months of the global epidemic. Our pragmatic analysis uses the criteria of politeness theories to explore and classify novel emailing formulas indexically referring to the speech situation, and to interpret the functions of particular linguistic devices. The results point to the existence of a social distance-reducing strategy underlying varied patterns of expression. Social distance is offset, as it were, by linguistic means, distance being restricted to the spatial domain and solidarity taking centre stage in language activity. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

COVID-19 in Tunisia: Mapping and Documenting the Impacts on Those on the Margins

Since the 2011 uprisings, Tunisia has been going through a delicate political transition while the socio-economic context is continuously deteriorating. Our analysis focuses on the exceptional period of the lock down (from the 20th of March 2020 to mid-June 2020). With a large portion of the population deprived of their daily informal jobs, the collateral damages of the coercive measures were immediately visible in Tunisia. By critically engaging with how the coronavirus was politically managed in Tunisia, we propose to map and document plural impacts of the pandemic contextualizing this crisis for specific groups of population and territories: Tunisia's young population from hinterland regions (symptomatic of the 2011 uprising and the territorial division) and illegalized sub-Saharan migrants. By focusing on precarious, invisibilized and marginalized groups, we question processes of politization of socio-economic claims under the circumstantial constraints of the pandemic. Besides, this period (re-)activates new forms of civil society mobilization as well as cooperation through solidarity. In a nutshell, the effects of COVID-19 allow us to observe the transformations in the Tunisian post-revolutionary context through a much broader lens. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the existence of social solidarity: evidence from rural-urban communities in Lombok Island, Indonesia.

The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the entire world since the beginning of 2020 is an unimaginable phenomenon. The pandemic is disastrous because it has caused loss of life and livelihood for a large part of the population. People lose their jobs, spaces for social interaction are closed, and social relationships are disrupted. Several studies show that social solidarity should be a major concern for people to sustain the future quality of their lives. Social solidarity dimensions in this study include gotong royong (local culture of mutual help), marriage banjars (local association), cooperation, and sharing of information. This study aims to examine the existence of social solidarity during the pandemic in rural and urban areas and to know the level of community exposure to COVID-19 in Lombok Island, Indonesia. This research adopted a quantitative approach to identify and analyse the existence of social solidarity in rural and urban communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. A set of questionnaires was distributed and shared by enumerators with 1,100 targeted-respondents from Lombok Island. The survey was carried out from 14th October to 28th October 2021, that is, during a recovery period from the pandemic while restrictions implemented by the government were still in full force. Chi square statistical analysis was used to test whether there were differences in social solidarity between those who lived in rural areas and those who lived in urban areas. This research found the existence of social solidarity in both rural and urban communities during the pandemic. The level of social solidarity in rural areas is higher than in urban areas. While related to the number of those who were exposed and died, conditions were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. However, in terms of the death rate, the level of death rate in urban areas is higher than in rural areas. This condition indicates differences in the characteristics of rural and urban communities, which can be considered in implementing policies during a future pandemic. This research provides evidence for local governments in formulating policies with a social solidarity perspective by taking into account the different characteristics of rural and urban communities.

Partnership in Social Work Education Along the New Silk Road: Towards a Transformative Cultural Inclusion Model

We live in a world of disruption aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In view of the highly divisive global discourse, we envision a different way of regional and international partnership in social work education and practice through our proactive partnership, to build hope and transformation. Social work educators from the Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong SAR, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Israel, and Vietnam, who have developed partnerships with counterparts in the countries along the New Silk Road, have come together to reflect on their partnership experiences, having developed the "Transformative Cultural Inclusion Model” consisting of four essential pillars: (1) equal partnership, (2) cultural inclusion, (3) capacity-building, and (4) social solidarity. Social work is a catalyst for social change and development, and we hope that the model can provide insights and principles to guide future development of regional and international partnerships. This will, in turn, develop context-specific authentic social work theories and practice by partnering together, engaging in participatory practice research, and making positive changes through education, research, and action with regional, international, and local partners. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Displaying intergenerational solidarity on TikTok during the COVID-19 pandemic: understanding the implications in the grandparent-grandchild relationship

The habits of families are affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, with limitations to socialization or visits. Grandparents and grandchildren use social media to sustain interpersonal relationships, as well as display intergenerational solidarity to others. This paper presents a qualitative content analysis of the display of different dimensions of intergenerational solidarity between grandparents and grandchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, on TikTok. The analysis extends the understanding of intergenerational solidarity between grandparents and grandchildren on TikTok, by highlighting which characteristics or activities they find important to display to other users of the platform. The results suggest that grandparents and grandchildren value qualities of physical touch and family celebrations (i.e. affectual solidarity), and big life events (i.e. normative solidarity). Moreover, grandparents and grandchildren refrain from consensual solidarity on TikTok, but other categories of intergenerational solidarity provide clues to differences in the public display of their respective roles. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Family Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Making Societies Social Again After the Crisis

The spread of the COVID-19 virus has triggered a global crisis which has profound social implications. It can be shown that the weakening of social rights and bonds caused by the constraints on welfare spending and a diminishing commitment to equality in recent social policy developments has now exacerbated social divisions. The nature of the polarization behind these cleavages has long been recognized in social work and the knowledge and experience of this profession and discipline can therefore provide essential reference points towards the re-building of social solidarity in post-Corona societies. In this project, the Global Definition of Social Work, ratified jointly by IASSW and IFSW, forms an incentive to strengthen social workers' political role in combination with their inter-personal competencies. Their commitment to practice based on social justice can lead the way towards a new political recognition of the importance of social dimensions of societies. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Moving forward: Words of wisdom from nurse leaders

Nurses were omnipresent during the COVID-19 pandemic, caring for patients in the ICU, helping with triage, working with children in schools, administering vaccines, running command centers, and so much more. The challenges have been formidable, but nurses stepped up to the plate, supported by nurse leaders. In this chapter, several nurse leaders reflect on lessons learned during this pandemic, including the critical importance of healthy work environments and the need for solidarity among nurses and all healthcare providers who make care for COVID-19 patients and programs of prevention possible. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.